乌拉尔学院
Ural Institute
抗击新冠病毒感染肺炎疫情防控宣传篇
Propaganda onPrevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus-Related Pneumonia (the COVID-19)
（一）洗手篇
1、如何保护自己远离新型冠状病毒的肺炎传染？
（1）勤洗手。使用肥皂或洗手液并用流动水洗手，用一次性纸巾或干净毛巾擦手。双手接触呼吸道分泌物后（如打喷嚏后）应立即洗手。
（2）保持良好的呼吸道卫生习惯。咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用纸巾、毛巾等遮住口鼻，咳嗽或打喷嚏后洗手，避免用手触摸眼睛、鼻或口。
（3）增强体质和免疫力。均衡饮食、适量运动、作息规律，避免产生过度疲劳。
（4）保持环境清洁和通风。每天开窗通风次数不少于3次，每次20-30分钟。户外空气质量较差时，通风换气频次和时间应适当减少。（5）尽量减少到人群密集场所活动，避免接触呼吸道感染患者。
（6）如出现呼吸道感染症状如咳嗽、流涕、发热等，应居家隔离休息，持续发热不退或症状加重时及早就医。
a. Wash Your Hands Frequently and Properly
1. How can you protect yourselves?
(1) Wash your hands frequently. Wash your hands with soap andrunning water thoroughly, using disposable paper towel or clean towel to wipeyour hands. You should wash your hands immediately after exposure torespiratory secretions (e.g. after sneezing).
(2) Maintain good respiratory hygiene. When coughing and sneezing, covermouth and nose with flexed elbow or tissue, clean your hands with alcohol-basedhand rub or soap and water, avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth with yourhands.
(3) Strengthen your immune systemand exercise regularly. Maintain a balanced diet, keep regular exercise andwork schedule to avoid excessive fatigue.
(4) Keep your house clean andventilation. Open the window for ventilation no less than 3 times a day, eachtime 20 to 30 minutes. When the air quality is poor, the frequency and time ofventilation should be appropriately reduced.
(5) Minimize activities in crowdedareas and avoid contact with people with respiratory infections.
(6) If you have respiratorysymptoms, such as sneezing, coughing, fever, it’s important to stay at homeisolated, and if the fever persists or symptoms worsen, you need to seekmedical care promptly.
2、洗手在预防呼吸道传播疾病中的作用？
正确洗手是预防腹泻和呼吸道感染的最有效措施之一。国家疾病预防与控制中心、WHO及美国CDC 等权威机构均推荐用肥皂和清水（流水）充分洗手。
2. Is hand washing useful forpreventing respiratory infectious diseases?
Washingyour hands properly is one of the most effective ways to prevent diarrhea andrespiratory infections. Institutions such as the Chinese Center for DiseaseControl and Prevention, the World Health Organization and the United StatesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention recommend washing hands thoroughlywith soap and water (running water).
3、正确洗手需掌握六步洗手法：
第一步，双手手心相互搓洗（双手合十搓五下）；
第二步，双手交叉搓洗手指缝（手心对手背，双手交叉相叠，左右手交换各搓洗五下）；
第三步，手心对手心搓洗手指缝（手心相对十指交错，搓洗五下）；
第四步，指尖搓洗手心，左右手相同（指尖放于手心相互搓洗搓五下）；
第五步，一只手握住另一只手的拇指搓洗，左右手相同搓五下；
第六步，弯曲手指使关节在另一手掌心旋转揉搓，交换进行各搓五下。
3. Follow these six steps to wash your hands properly:
(1) Rub hands palm to palm (rub palms together fivetimes);
(2) Interface fingers and rub the hands together (rightpalm over back of left hand, left palm over back of right hand five timeseach);
(3) Palm to palm fingers interfaced ( five times);
(4) Rub fingertips on palm for both hands( five times);
(5) Rotational rubbing of left thumb clasped in rightpalm and vice versa (five times) ;
(6) Rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards withclasped fingers of right hand in left palm and vice versa (five times).
4、哪些时刻需要洗手？
（1）传递文件前后；
（2）在咳嗽或打喷嚏后；
（3）在制备食品之前、期间和之后；
（4）吃饭前；
（5）上厕所后；
（6）手脏时；
（7）在接触他人后；
（8）接触过动物之后；
（9）外出回来后；
（10）更换工作服前后。
4. When should you wash your hands?
(1) Before and after passingfiles;
(2) After coughingor sneezing;
(3) Before,during, and after preparingfood;
(4) Before eating food;
(5) After using the toilet;
(6) After touching garbage;
(7) After touchingothers;
(8) After touching an animal;
(9) After returninghome;
(10) Before and after changing work clothes.
5、旅途在外没有清水，不方便洗手，怎么办？
可以使用速干手消毒剂进行手消毒。但是，手上有可见污染物或沾染化学物质时必须洗手。
5. What should you do when you can’t use water?
If soap and water are not readily available, youcan use handsanitizer, but if thereare obvious contaminants or chemicals on your hands, you must wash your hands.
（二）口罩篇
1、口罩该怎么选？
选择一：一次性医用外科口罩，连续佩戴4小时更换，污染或潮湿后应更换；
选择二：医用防护口罩，连续佩戴4小时更换，污染或潮湿后立即更换。
b. You should wear a mask when you are outdoors
1.How to choose amask?
Option A: Disposable medical surgical masks should be replacedafter wearing for 4 hours. Replace immediately after contamination or moisture.
Option B: Medical protective masks should be replaced after 4hours of continuous wear. Replace immediately after contamination or moisture.
2、正确使用口罩
一次性医用外科口罩的使用方法：
佩戴前洗手，将口罩颜色深的向外，浅色向内，鼻夹金属条在上，戴好后捏鼻夹塑型。
2. Wear masks correctly
Instructions for using disposable medicalsurgical masks:
Wash hands before wearing medical masks or avoid touching theinner side of masks while wearing masks to reduce masks pollution risk.Distinguish the inside and outside and up and down of masks, i.e., the lightsurface is the inside of masks, which closes to mouth and nose, and the darksurface is the outside of masks; the metal strip (nose clip) side is the upsideof masks.
3、特殊人群如何佩戴口罩？
（1）孕妇佩戴防护口罩，应注意结合自身条件，选择舒适性比较好的产品。
（2）老年人及有心肺疾病慢性病患者佩戴后会造成不适感，甚至会加重原有病情，应寻求医生的专业指导。
（3）儿童处在生长发育阶段，其脸型小，选择儿童防护口罩。
3. How do special people wear masks?
(1) Pregnant womenshould pay attention to their own conditions and choose products with goodcomfort.
(2) The elderly andpatients with chronic diseases of the heart and lung may cause discomfort afterwearing it, and even worsen the original condition. Professional guidance froma doctor should be sought.
(3) Children are atthe stage of growth and development, and their faces are small, so childprotective masks should be chosen.
I. Personal Protection
1、在家中怎样预防新型冠状病毒的肺炎传染？
（1）增强卫生健康意识，适量运动、保障睡眠、不熬夜可提高自身免疫力
（2）保持良好的个人卫生习惯，咳嗽或打喷嚏时用纸巾掩住口鼻，经常彻底洗手，不用脏手触摸眼睛、鼻或口；
（3）居室多通风换气并保持整洁卫生；
（4）尽可能避免与有呼吸道疾病症状（如发热、咳嗽或打喷嚏等）的人密切接触
（5）尽量避免到人多拥挤和空间密闭的场所，如必须去佩戴一次性医用外科口罩
（6）避免接触野生动物和家禽家畜
（7）坚持安全的饮食习惯，食用肉类和蛋类要煮熟、煮透
（8）密切关注发热、咳嗽等症状，出现此类症状一定要及时就近就医。
1. How to prevent the COVID-19 infections at home?
(1) Strengtheninghealth care consciousness, keeping regular exercise, getting enough sleep, and not staying up late, which can improve self immunity;
(2) Maintain good personal hygiene,Maintain good personal hygiene, Wash your hands frequently and thoroughlywithout touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with dirty hands;
(3) Ventilate the room and keep itclean and tidy;
(4) Avoid close contact with people who have symptoms ofrespiratory infection such as fever, cough, sneeze and etc.;
(5) Avoid going to crowed places,wear a mask if transport or movement is necessary;
(6) Avoid contact with wildanimals or farmed livestock;
(7) Handle raw meat, milkor animal organs in accordance with good food safety practices to avoidcross-contamination with under-cooked food;
(8) Pay close attention tosymptoms such as fever and cough. Be sure to seekmedical treatment in the nearest place when such symptoms occur.
2、新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎流行时，我们怎么吃才好？
（1）不要食用已经患病的动物及其制品；要从正规渠道购
买冰鲜禽肉，食用禽肉、蛋奶时要充分煮熟。
（2）处理生食和熟食的切菜板及刀具要分开。处理生食和熟食之间要洗手。
（3）即使在发生疫情的地区，如果肉食在食品制备过程中予以彻底烹饪和妥善处理，也可安全食用。
2.What should you eat during the COVID-19 outbreak?
(1) Do not consume diseased livestockproducts; purchase frozen poultry from regular sources and eat cooked meat, eggand milk;
(2) Separate cutting boards and knives forraw and cooked food. Wash hands between raw and cooked food;
(3) Even in outbreak areas, meat can besafely eaten if it is thoroughly cooked and properly handled during foodpreparation.
3、前往公共场所怎样预防新型冠状病毒的肺炎感染？
（1）避免在未加防护的情况下与农场牲畜或野生动物接触；
（2）保持工作场所室内不断的通风换气；
（3）在人多的地方（商场、公交车、地铁和飞机等），可佩戴一次性医用外科口罩减少接触病原风险；
（3）咳嗽打喷嚏时，用纸巾或袖或屈肘将鼻完全遮住；将用过的纸巾立刻扔进封闭式垃圾箱内；咳嗽打喷嚏后，用肥皂和清水或含酒精洗手液清洗双手；
（4）外出回家后及时洗手；
（5）如有发热和其他呼吸道感染症状，特别是持续发热不退，及时到医院就诊；
（6）传染病流行季节应尽量避免各类聚餐、聚会。
3. How to prevent the COVID-19 infections when going to public places?
(1) Avoid contact withwild animals or farmed livestock without any protection;
(2) Maintain constantventilation in the workplace;
(3) In places with alot of people (shopping malls, buses, subways, airplanes, etc.), disposablemedical surgical masks can be worn to reduce the risk of exposure to pathogens;
(4) When coughing andsneezing, cover mouth and nose with flexed elbow or tissue. Immediately throw the tissue into a closed bin and clean yourhands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water;
(5) Wash your handsafter returning home;
(6) If you haverespiratory symptoms of sneeze, cough, fever,it’s important to stay at home forisolation, and if fever persists or symptoms worsen, you need to seek medicalcare promptly;
(7) All kinds ofdinners and parties should be avoided during the epidemic season.
4、到生鲜市场采购，怎样预防新型冠状病毒的肺炎传染？
（1）接触动物和动物产品后，用肥皂和清水洗手；
（2）避免触摸眼、鼻、口；
（3）避免与生病的动物和病变的肉接触；
（4）避免与市场里的流浪动物、垃圾废水接触。
4. How to prevent the COVID-19 infections when going tothe fresh market?
(1) Wash hands withsoap and water after touching animals and animal products;
(2) Avoid touchingeyes, nose and mouth;
(3) Avoid contact withsick animals and diseased meat;
(4) Avoid contact withstray animals and waste water in the market.
5、轻症发热病例的居家隔离
建议：
（1）病情允许最好能够单独居住隔离；
（2）不能单独居住时，将病人安置在通风良好的单人房间；
（3）尽量减少陪护，必要时尽量只安排一位健康状况良好且没有慢性疾病的人进行护理；
（4）看护人员与病人共处一室应正确佩戴一次性医用外科口罩；
（5）陪护人员进入或离开隔离空间后，洗手；
（6）限制病人活动，病人和家庭成员活动共享区域最小化。确保共享区域（厨房、浴室等）通风良好（开窗）；
（4）拒绝一切探访。
5. Home isolation formild fever cases
Suggestions:
(1) If conditions permit, it is better tolive alone and be isolated from others;
(2) When unable to live alone, place thepatient in a well-ventilated single room;
(3) Minimize escort, and arrange only oneperson who is in good health and without chronic diseases when necessary;
(4) Caregivers and patients in the sameroom should properly wear disposable medical surgical masks;
(5) Caregivers need to wash hands in andout of the quarantine;
(6) Restrict patient activity and minimizeactivity sharing areas for patients and family members. Ensure that sharedareas (kitchen, bathroom, etc.) are well ventilated (windows open);
(7) All access is denied.
1、什么是新型冠状病毒？
从武汉市不明原因肺炎患者下呼吸道分离出的冠状病毒为一种新型冠状病毒，WHO命名2019-nCoV。
1.What is the COVID-19?
Coronavirus isolated from lower respiratorytract of patients with unexplained pneumonia in Wuhan is a new type ofcoronavirus, named by WHO as 2019-nCoV.
2、哪些人容易感染新型冠状病毒？
人群普遍易感。新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎在免疫功能低下和免疫功能正常人群均可发生，与接触病毒的量有一定关系。对于免疫功能较差的人群，例如老年人、孕产妇或存在肝肾功能异常，有慢性病人群，感染后病情更重。
2.Who is susceptibleto the COVID-19?
The crowd is generally susceptible.The COVID-19-infected pneumoniacan occur in people with low immune function and normal immune function, whichis related to the amount of virus exposure.For people with poor immune function,such as the elderly, pregnant women or patients with liver and kidneydysfunction, and those with chronic diseases, the condition is more severeafter infection.
3、新型冠状病毒的传播途径有哪些？
主要传播方式是经飞沫传播、接触传播（包括手污染导致的自我接种）以及不同大小的呼吸道气溶胶近距离传播。目前近距离飞沫传播应该是主要途径。
3. What are the routes of transmission of the COVID-19?
It seems that the virus is transmitted via droplets, direct contact and bycoming into contact with contaminated surfaces and objects, and spread close in respiratory aerosolsof different sizes. Currently, short-range droplet transmission should be themain route.
4、新型冠状病毒会人传人吗？
会。新型冠状病毒可以通过接触、飞沫传播，不排除空气传播的可能。
4. Will the virus pass from person to person?
Yes. The COVID-19 can be transmitted through contact and droplets, which doesnot exclude the possibility of airborne transmission.
5、什么是密切接触者？
指14天内曾与确诊或高度疑似病例有过共同生活或工作的人。包括办公室的同事，同一教室、宿舍的同事、同学，同机的乘客等。以及其它形式的直接接触者包括病毒感染病人的陪护、乘出租车、乘电梯等。
5. What are the close contacts?
It refers to a person who haslived or worked with a confirmed or highly suspected case within 14 days whichincludes office colleagues, colleagues in the same classroom, dormitory,classmates, and passengers on the same plane. And other forms of direct contactinclude the accompany of virus infected patients, taxis, elevators, etc.
6、对密切接触者注意事项
所有跟疑似感染病人可能有接触的人（包括医护人员）都应该有14天的健康观察期。
观察期从和病人接触的最后一天算起。一旦出现任何症状，特别是发热、呼吸道症状如咳嗽、呼吸短促或腹泻，马上就医！
6. Precautions for close contacts
All people (including medical staff) who maybe in contact with a suspected infection should have a 14-day healthobservation period.
The observation period starts from the last day of contact withthe patient. If you have any symptoms, especially fever, respiratory symptomssuch as cough, shortness of breath, or diarrhea, seek medical attention as soonas possible!
7、密切接触者监控建议
（1）如果接触者出现症状，要提前通知医院，将前往医院。
（2）前往医院的路上，病人应该佩戴一次性医用外科口罩。
（3）避免搭乘公共交通，应该呼叫救护车或者使用私人车辆运送病人，如果可以，路上打开车窗。
（4）生病的密切接触者应时刻保持呼吸道卫生和进行双手清洁。在路上和医院站着或坐着时，尽可能远离其他人（至少1米）。
（5）任何被呼吸道分泌物或体液污染的物体表面都应该用含有稀释漂白剂的消毒剂清洁、消毒。
7. Monitoring recommendations for closecontacts
(1) If contacts showsymptoms, inform the hospital in advance that they will go to the hospital.
(2) On the way to thehospital, patients should wear disposable medical surgical masks.
(3) Avoid using publictransportation, call an ambulance or use a private vehicle to transportpatients. If possible, open windows on the road.
(4) People who haveclose contact with patients should always keep respiratory hygiene and cleanhands. Whether standing on the road or sitting in the hospital, keep a certaindistance (at least one meter) from others.
(5) The surface of anyobject contaminated with respiratory secretions or body fluids should becleaned and disinfected with a disinfectant containing diluted bleach.
8、新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控措施
（1）勤洗手，出门戴一次性医用外科口罩；
（2）房间定时通风换气；
（3）清洁、消毒：新型冠状病毒对热敏感，56℃热水浸泡30分钟、75%酒精、含氯消毒剂等均可有效灭活病毒。
8. Prevention andControl Measures for the COVID-19
(1) Wash your handsfrequently and wear disposable medical surgical masks when going out;
(2) Regularventilation of the room;
(3) Cleaning anddisinfection: The COVID-19 is sensitive to heat. Soaking it in hot water at 56℃ for 30 minutes, 75% alcohol, and chlorine-containing disinfectant caneffectively inactivate the virus.
1、何时就医
新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎患者主要临床表现为发热、乏力，呼吸道症状以干咳为主，并逐渐出现呼吸困难，严重者表现为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、脓毒症休克、难以纠正的代谢性酸中毒和出凝血功能障碍。部分患者起病症状轻微，可无发热。多数患者为中轻症，愈后良好，少数患者病情危重，甚至死亡。如出现发热、乏力、干咳表现，并不意味着已经被感染了。但如果出现（1）发热 (腋下体温≥37.3℃)、咳嗽、气促等急性呼吸道感染症状；（2）在发病前14天内有武汉地区或其他有本地病例持续传播地区的旅行史或居住史；发病前14天内曾接触过来自武汉市或其他有本地病例持续传播地区的发热或有呼吸道症状的患者；有聚集性发病或与新型冠状病毒感染者有流行病学关联。应到当地指定医疗机构进行排查、诊治。
1.When to see adoctor?
The main clinical manifestations of patients with pneumoniainfected by the COVID-19 are fever and fatigue with dry cough as the main symptoms ofrespiratory tract, and gradually have difficulty breathing. In severe cases,acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, difficult-to-correctmetabolic acidosis, and coagulation disorders are common. Some patients havemild onset symptoms without fever. Most of the patients are mild to moderateand recovered well, and a few patients are critically ill and even died. Theappearance of fever, fatigue, and dry cough does not mean that you have beeninfected. However, if you has (1) a fever (underarm temperature ≥ 37.3 ℃), cough, shortness of breath and other acute respiratoryinfection symptoms occur;(2) travel history or residence history in Wuhan areaor other areas with continuous local case transmission within 14 days beforeonset; contacted patients with fever or respiratory symptoms who have come fromWuhan or other areas where local cases continue to spread within 14 days beforeonset; aggressive clustering or epidemiological association with the COVID-19 infections, you should go to the local designated medical institutionsfor investigation, diagnosis and treatment.
2、就医时注意事项
（1）如果接触者出现症状，要提前选择有发热门诊的定点医院。
（2）前往医院的路上，及就医全程应该佩戴一次性医用外科口罩。
（3）避免搭乘公共交通，应该呼叫救护车或者使用私人车辆运送病人，如果可以，路上打开车窗。
（4）生病的密切接触者应时刻保持呼吸道卫生和进行双手清洁。在路上和医院站着或坐着时，尽可能远离其他人（至少1米）。
（5）任何被呼吸道分泌物或体液污染的物体表面都应该用含有稀释漂白剂的消毒剂清洁、消毒。
（6）就医时，应如实详细讲述患病情况和就医过程，尤其是应告知医生近期的武汉旅行和居住史、肺炎患者或疑似患者的接触史、动物接触史等。
2. Precautions for medical treatment
(1) If the contactperson develops symptoms, it is necessary to select a designated hospital witha fever clinic in advance.
(2) Disposable medicalsurgical masks should be worn on the way to the hospital and throughout thevisit.
(3) Avoid publictransportation. Call an ambulance or use a private vehicle to transportpatients. If possible, open windows on the road.
(4) People who haveclose contact with patients should always keep respiratory hygiene and cleanhands. Whether standing on the road or sitting in the hospital, keep a certaindistance (at least one meter) from others.
(5) The surface of anyobject contaminated with respiratory secretions or body fluids should becleaned and disinfected with a disinfectant containing diluted bleach.
(6) During medicaltreatment, the patient’s condition and medical treatment process shall betruthfully described, especially inform the doctor if there is a recent Wuhantravel and residence history, contact history of pneumonia patients orsuspected patients, animal contact history, etc.
2020年2月
February 2020
